General Information
Reducing emission of green house gasses and toxic chemicals is everyone's responsibility. The process of calculating a “standard footprint” by part is similar to how standard cost is calculated by part. The calculation covers the whole lifecycle of a product, from cradle to grave. Three main types are calculated:
Cradle to Gate - Procurement and Manufacturing
Use Phase
End of Life (Decommission)
The Life Cycle Assessment concept can be used to optimize the environmental performance of products.
The eco-footprint (emission) calculation is based on user-defined substances. Based on the harmful effects, substances can be divided into following categories.
These emissions are harmful to humans and animals. Based on the harmful effects, substances can be divided into following categories.
| Harmful Effect | Cause |
| Carcinogenic | Substances that can cause cancer or increase the likelihood of developing cancer |
| Mutagenic | Substances that can cause heritable genetic defects |
| Allergenic | Substances that can cause hypersensitivity leading to harmful reactions |
| Endocrine Disrupter | Substances that can cause harm to organisms, populations or ecosystems |
| Toxic to Reproduction | Substances that can cause, or increase the
incidence of, non-heritable harm to offspring or impaired male or female fertility. |
| Persistent and Bioaccumalative and Toxic | Substances that are persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic. |
| Ozone-Depleting | Substances that may pose a danger to the structure or function on the ozone layer of the stratosphere. |
| High Acute Toxicity | Even a brief exposure to these substances
in very small quantities may cause temporary or permanent harm or lead to death. |
| Environmentally Hazardous | Substances that can cause harmful long-term effects in the environment. |
| Contribute to Acidification | Substances that contributes to the
acidification of lakes and forest soils. Main sources are usually sulphur
(S) and nitrogen (N) |
| Contribute to Euthrophication | Substances that contributes to
euthrophication of seas and lakes. The most important sources of the
nutrients responsible for euthrophication is nitrogen (N) and phosphorus(P). |
| Greenhouse Gas | Substances that contributes to the Global Warming |
It is also possible to define substances like Energy and Plastic Packing Material.
Substances are separated by emission media code:
Emissions can be connected to parts:
It is possible to calculate emissions for all levels of a single part or for all parts in a site, using Calculate Eco-footprint - Part or Calculate Eco-footprint - All Parts windows respectively.
Aspects of Eco-footprint (Emission) Calculation
The following aspects of a part and its structure are considered:
Standard Lot Size
The standard lot size is defined in the inventory part register, and is used to split the batch emission found in the emission calculation. Batch emissions affected by standard lot size can be defined in part specific emissions, work center emissions and emissions by supplier for purchase part. The unit emission is calculated as batch emission/standard lot size. Standard lot size also has an impact on component scrap.
Shrinkage Factor
The shrinkage factor is used when the system calculates the contribution of a component part to its parent part. The shrinkage factor is handled exactly as the inventory scrap factor is handled. The shrinkage factor is defined for a product structure. Mathematically, the shrinkage factor is expressed as E x Q x (1/1- Shrinkage factor), where E = emission per unit and Q = quantity per assembly.
Component Scrap
The component scrap is a fixed amount of parts considered as scrap, and added
to the emission calculation when the contribution of the emission to the parent
part is calculated. This involves the same set of rules as in the case of
shrinkage factor. The component scrap is defined for a product structure, and is
always affected by the standard lot size. The effect of component scrap on the
emission contribution to a parent part is expressed as E x Q + (Component
scrap/Standard lot size), where E = emission per unit and Q = quantity per
assembly.
If scrap factor are used with component scrap, the mathematical expression is E
x (Q x (1/1- Shrinkage factor) + (Component scrap/Standard lot size)), where E =
emission per unit and Q = quantity per assembly.
Phantom Parts
Following planning methods are managed specially within the emission calculation:
| Planning Methods | Emission Calculation Aspects |
| O - Master schedule level 0 part | Not considered in the Emission Calculation |
| T - Master schedule level 0 phantom part | Not considered in the Emission Calculation |
| K - Blow through planning, inventory quantity on-hand is not allowed. | Level emission is not calculated, but the K-part carries accumulated emission from lower levels and transfers it to parent level. |
| P - Phantom part planning, inventory quantity on-hand is allowed. | Level emissions calculated, but the level emission is not rolled up to parent level. The P-part carries accumulated emission from lower levels and transfers it to parent level. |
Calculations of Inter-site Emissions
If the part is defined as Multi-site Planned Part in Supplier for Purchase Part/General tab, then the system fetches the emission data from the supplier's site to the demand site.
Manufactured/Acquired Split
When Manufactured / Acquired Split is enabled and defined in Inventory Part/Planning Data tab, emission calculation considers the manufactured/acquired percentage split.